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The James Webb Space Telescope
INTRODUCTION:
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space observatory that is set to revolutionize our understanding of the universe. The project is a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). It has been designed to succeed the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as the premier space observatory in operation.
NEW VOCABULARY: infrared-optimized, revolutionize, collaboration, premier, observatory
SECTION ONE:
The primary goal of the JWST is to study a broad range of cosmic phenomena, from the first stars and galaxies that formed after the Big Bang to the formation of planetary systems around stars. The telescope’s suite of advanced instruments will make it possible to observe galaxies billions of light-years away, revealing new insights into galaxy evolution and star formation.
NEW VOCABULARY: goal, broad, range, cosmic, phenomena, galaxies, the big band, planetary, systems, suite of advanced instruments, observe, light-years, revealing, insights, evolution, formation
GRAMMAR SECTION ONE:
Here are 20 basic questions about using prepositions in English
1. Which preposition goes with this sentence? She arrived ___ the airport.2. Fill in the blank: The cat is hiding ___ the table.3. Which preposition is correct here? He put his keys ___ his pocket.
4. Choose the right preposition: They went swimming ___ the lake.
5. Pick the correct preposition: There’s a beautiful painting ___ the wall.
6. Fill in the blank with a preposition: Please, turn off your phone ___ class.
7. What is the right preposition in this sentence? They will meet you ___ the entrance.
8. Choose the best preposition: Your hat is lying ___ your coat.
9. Select the correct preposition: She lives alone ___ a big city.
10. Fill in the gap with an appropriate preposition: The apple fell ___ the tree.
11. What is the correct preposition here? We should be there ___ two hours.
12. Determine which preposition best completes the sentence: Let’s rest ___ this shade for a while.
13. Find an appropriate preposition to complete this sentence: The kids were playing ___ their grandparents’ house.
14. Choose a suitable preposition for this question: Are you still waiting ___ Sarah?
15. Complete this sentence with a proper preposition: She was scared to walk home alone ___ night.
16. What is the right preposition for this question? The train should arrive___ 5 pm.
17. Select an appropriate preposition to complete this sentence: The book belongs to me; it’s ___ my bag.
18. Choose a fitting preposition for this sentence: Can you see that bird flying high up ___ the sky?
19. Determine what preposition goes well in this question: When is she planning to move out___ her apartment?
20. Complete this sentence with the correct preposition: We need to finish our project ___ next Friday.
SECTION TWO:
Featuring a 6.5-meter primary mirror, which is almost three times larger than Hubble’s, the JWST boasts unparalleled sensitivity in detecting faint objects in deep space. It has four main scientific instruments: the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam), Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec), Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), and Fine Guidance Sensor/Near InfraRed Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS/NIRISS).
NEW VOCABULARY: mirror, boasts, unparalleled, sensitivity, faint, deep, space, near, infrared, spectrograph, fine, guidance, sensor
LISTENING SECTION: Watch the first 5 minutes of the video and then answer the five questions below the video.
QUESTIONS:
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- Where is the James Webb telescope going?
- In which wavelength does the telescope see things?
- In the video he says that the telescope will be able to see “glimpses” of how the universe was formed. What is a “glimpse”?
- In the video Marc Postman said, “It doesn’t REFUTE the big bang cosmology” What does “refute” mean?
- Who was James Webb? (Use Google.com to ask the question in English). Explain to your teacher in English.
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SECTION THREE:
Built using a lightweight beryllium structure and coated with gold for optimal reflectivity, JWST’s unique design enables it to observe distant objects in both visible and infrared wavelengths. As infrared radiation can penetrate through dust more effectively than visible light, this capability allows astronomers to peer through dusty regions in space that often obscure important cosmic events.
NEW VOCABULARY: lightweight, coated, gold, optimal, reflectivity, enable, distant, objects, visible, wavelengths, radiation, penetrate, dust, capability, to peer, obscure, cosmic
In addition to its powerful observational capabilities, one unique aspect of the JWST is its location – it will be positioned at Earth-Sun Lagrange Point 2 (L2), approximately 1.5 million kilometers away from Earth. This location allows for stable observing conditions by providing an optimal vantage point from which to view large sections of the sky uninterrupted by Earth’s atmosphere or the Sun’s glare. Meanwhile, the telescope’s enormous sunshield protects its sensitive instruments from solar radiation, maintaining the necessary cold operating temperatures for optimal performance.
NEW VOCABULARY: powerful, observational, capabilities, aspect, stable, providing, vantage point, sections, uninterrupted, glare, telescope, sunshield, atmosphere, sun’s glare, solar
GRAMMAR SECTION TWO:
1. Rewrite the following sentence using the active voice: “The launch of the James Webb Telescope was delayed by technical difficulties.”
2. Combine the following two sentences into one complex sentence: “The James Webb Telescope will be the largest space telescope ever built. It will have an immense impact on our understanding of space.”
3. Transform the following simple sentences into a single compound-complex sentence: “The James Webb Telescope is still under construction. Weather conditions have made progress difficult. The team remains hopeful.”
4. Correct any errors in this sentence regarding parallelism: “The James Webb Telescope is not only going to revolutionize our understanding of the universe but also unraveling its mysteries.”
5. Identify and correct the misplaced modifier in the following sentence: “Costing nearly $10 billion, astronomers are eagerly awaiting the launch of the James Webb Telescope.”
SECTION FOUR:
Overall, the James Webb Space Telescope will be an invaluable tool for astronomers and scientists as they seek to unravel the mysteries of our universe. Its enhanced capabilities will make groundbreaking discoveries in our understanding of galaxy formation, black holes, and star birth and reveal previously hidden secrets about the origins of planetary systems and the possibilities of life beyond our solar system.
NEW VOCABULARY: invaluable tool, seek, unravel, mysteries, enhanced, groundbreaking, formation, black holes, star birth, reveale, hidden secrets, planetary systems, beyond, solar systems
WRITING SECTION::
Write 100 words about the James Webb telescope and what we might find in the Universe.
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QUESTION ANSWERS:
1. Technical difficulties delayed the launch of the James Webb Telescope.
2. The James Webb Telescope, set to be the largest space telescope ever built, will have an immense impact on our understanding of space.
3. Although weather conditions have made progress difficult, the team remains hopeful as they continue constructing the James Webb Telescope.
4. The James Webb Telescope is not only going to revolutionize our understanding of the universe but also unravel its mysteries.
5. Astronomers are eagerly awaiting the launch of the nearly $10 billion James Webb Telescope.