Hamlet is a play written by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601.
Introduction:
Hamlet is a play written by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601. The play tells the story of Prince Hamlet, who is grieving the recent death of his father, the King of Denmark. His mother, Queen Gertrude, has remarried quickly to her late husband’s brother, King Claudius. Hamlet is deeply disturbed by this and is further upset when he is visited by the ghost of his father, who tells him that he was murdered by Claudius. Hamlet decides to feign madness in order to take revenge on Claudius. Along the way, he also struggles with his own morality and his love for Ophelia. The play is a tragedy and ends with multiple characters dead, including Hamlet himself. It is considered one of Shakespeare’s greatest plays and is often studied and performed to this day.
New Vocabulary: grieving, remarried, revenge, struggle, morality, tragedy, multiple characters
Audio:
Hamlet Summary
The ghost of the King of Denmark tells his son Hamlet to avenge his murder by killing the new king, Hamlet’s uncle. Hamlet feigns madness, contemplates life and death, and seeks revenge. His uncle, fearing for his life, also devises plots to kill Hamlet. The play ends with a duel, during which the King, Queen, Hamlet’s opponent and Hamlet himself are all killed.
New Vocabulary: ghost, avenge, contemplates, seeks, revenge, fearing, devises, plots, duel, opponent
Audio:
Act I
Late at night, guards on the battlements of Denmark’s Elsinore castle are met by Horatio, Prince Hamlet’s friend from school. The guards describe a ghost they have seen that resembles Hamlet’s father, the recently-deceased king. At that moment, the Ghost reappears, and the guards and Horatio decide to tell Hamlet.
Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle, married Hamlet’s recently-widowed mother, becoming the new King of Denmark. Hamlet continues to mourn for his father’s death and laments his mother’s lack of loyalty. When Hamlet hears of the Ghost from Horatio, he wants to see it for himself.
Elsewhere, the royal attendant Polonius says farewell to his son Laertes, who is departing for France. Laertes warns his sister, Ophelia, away from Hamlet and thinking too much of his attentions towards her.
New Vocabulary: battlements, resembles, recently, deceased, widowed, to mourn, laments, lack of, loyalty, elsewhere, farewell, departing
Audio:
Video Section:
Listen to this video of the most famous line from Hamlet then answer the questions be3low.
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Act II
According to his plan, Hamlet begins to act strangely. He rejects Ophelia, while Claudius and Polonius, the royal attendant, spy on him. They had hoped to find the reason for Hamlet’s sudden change in behaviour but could not. Claudius summons Guildenstern and Rosencrantz, old friends of Hamlet to find out what’s got into him. Their arrival coincides with a group of travelling actors that Hamlet happens to know well. Hamlet writes a play which includes scenes that mimic the murder of Hamlet’s father. During rehearsal, Hamlet and the actors plot to present Hamlet’s play before the King and Queen.
New Vocabulary: according to, to act, attendant, to spy on, coincides, mimic, rehearsal
Audio:
Act III
At the performance, Hamlet watches Claudius closely to see how he reacts. The play provokes Claudius, and he interrupts the action by storming out. He immediately resolves to send Hamlet away. Hamlet is summoned by his distressed mother, Gertrude, and on the way, he happens upon Claudius kneeling and attempting to pray. Hamlet reasons that to kill the King now would only send his soul to heaven rather than hell. Hamlet decides to spare his life for the time being.
New Vocabulary: performance, reacts, kneeling, attempting, pray, soul, heaven
Audio:
Act IV
Hamlet is sent to England, supposedly as an ambassador, just as King Fortinbras of Norway crosses Denmark with an army to attack Poland. During his journey, Hamlet discovers Claudius has a plan to have him killed once he arrives. He returns to Denmark alone, sending his companions Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths in his place.
Rejected by Hamlet, Ophelia is now desolate at the loss of her father. She goes mad and drowns.
New Vocabulary: supposedly, to attack, companions
Audio:
Act V
On the way back to Denmark, Hamlet meets Horatio in the graveyard (along with a gravedigger), where they talk of the chances of life and death. Ophelia’s funeral procession arrives at the very same graveyard (what luck!). Hamlet confronts Laertes, Ophelia’s brother, who has taken his father’s place at the court.
A duel is arranged between Hamlet and Laertes. During the match, Claudius conspires with Laertes to kill Hamlet. They plan that Hamlet will die either on a poisoned rapier or with poisoned wine. The plans go awry when Gertrude unwittingly drinks from the poisoned cup and dies. Then both Laertes and Hamlet are wounded by the poisoned blade, and Laertes dies.
Hamlet, in his death throes, kills Claudius. Hamlet dies, leaving only his friend Horatio to explain the truth to the new king, Fortinbras, as he returns in victory from the Polish wars.
New Vocabulary: graveyard, gravedigger, funeral, procession, arranged, poisoned, rapier, go awry, unwittingly, poisoned cup, wounded, blade
Audio:
Writing Section:
Write a summary of the play ‘Hamlet’ . Talk about the plot and the characters in the play.
Grammar:
Within your writing include two examples of the past perfect progressive. Below you will find a video lesson and a link to the FREE STUDENT BOOK CLUB. These documents will help you.
https://oxfordinstitutebook.club/free-downloads/
