Grammar included:  “Adverbs”     Extra Free Videos   @TheTravellingEnglishTeacher

Definition of   ” Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Brittle Bone Disease)”

 

Introduction to :  Osteogenisis Imperfecta

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) or Brittle Bone Disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by fragile bones that are prone to breaking. This congenital condition affects around 1 in 20,000 people globally. This English lesson aims to shed light on the various aspects of OI, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatments.

Now let’s recap any new vocabulary: 

GRAMMAR:  Q1

1. Which sentence correctly uses an adverb to describe how carefully one should handle a person with Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
a) He picked up carefully the baby with Brittle Bone Disease.
b) He picked the baby with Brittle Bone Disease up gently.
c) He gently picked up the baby with Brittle Bone Disease.

 

Now try writing a sentence using the phrasal verb:  “shed light on”

Section One:  Causes

The primary cause of Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a genetic mutation in type 1 collagen – the most abundant protein in our body that plays a key role in bone structure. Patients with OI inherit defective genes from one or both parents, resulting in the production of poor-quality collagen or inadequate amounts of collagen.

Now let’s recap any new vocabulary:

Grammar Q2:

2. Choose the sentence in which an adverb specifies when people with Osteogenesis Imperfecta are encouraged to exercise.
a) They should occasionally exercise to maintain bone strength.
b) They occasionally should exercise to maintain bone strength.
c) Occasionally they should exercise to maintain bone strength.

Now try writing a sentence using the phrasal verb:  “plays a key role”

Video Listening Section: 

Questions:

1. 1. 1. 1.  What do phrasal verbs indicate?
         2. What are the two types of phrasal verbs?
         3. Write a sentence with the phrasal verb “make up” literally, figuratively and then as a noun.

Section Two: Types

Types:
Osteogenesis Imperfecta can be divided into four major types, ranging from mild to severe:

1. Type I (mild) – The most common form, characterized by fragile but moderately functional bones
2. Type II (perinatal lethal) – The most severe form, causing severe deformities and potential death soon after birth
3. Type III (progressively deforming) – Results in progressively worsening growth deformities and multiple fractures
4. Type IV (moderate) – Features moderately brittle bones but is less severe than type III

Now let’s recap any new vocabulary:

Grammar Q3:

3. Identify the sentence that utilizes an adverb to modify an adjective related to Osteogenesis Imperfecta.
a) The fragile bones require extremely extra care.
b) The extremely fragile bones require extra care.
c) The fragile bones extremely require extra care.

Now try writing a sentence using the word:  ” worsening”

Section Three: Symptoms

Symptoms:
Common symptoms of OI include:

– Fragile bones that break easily
– Short stature
– Loose joints
– Blue sclerae (bluish discoloration of the whites of the eyes)
– Dental abnormalities
– Hearing loss

Now let’s recap any new vocabulary:

Grammar Q4:

4. Which option places an adverb correctly to emphasize the frequency of fractures in Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
a) People with Brittle Bone Disease experience fractures frequently.
b) People frequently with Brittle Bone Disease experience fractures.
c) People with Brittle Bone Disease frequently experience fractures.
d) Frequently people with Brittle Bone Disease experience fractures.

Now try writing a sentence using the words:  ” bluish”

Section Four:  Diagnosis

Diagnosing Osteogenesis Imperfecta involves a combination of clinical assessment, family history evaluation, genetic testing, and imaging studies such as X-rays. The objective is to ascertain the presence of key features associated with OI and rule out other potential causes.

Now let’s recap any new vocabulary:

Grammar Q5:

5. Select the adjective that best fits the sentence:
Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a genetic disorder that affects how _________ bones are formed.
a) defective
b) deficiently
c) defectively
d) defected

Now try writing a sentence using the phrasal verb:  ” to rule out”

Section Five: Treatment

There is no cure for OI, but several treatment options can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life. These include:

– Physical therapy: to improve muscle strength and mobility
– Assistive devices: such as braces, wheelchairs, and crutches for enhanced mobility
– Surgery: to correct deformities or insert rods into long bones for stabilization
– Medications: such as bisphosphonates to slow down bone resorption and increase bone density

Now let’s recap any new vocabulary:

Now try writing a sentence using the word:  “

Section Five:  Conclusion

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a lifelong condition that poses significant challenges to those affected. Awareness and understanding of the disease are crucial in providing optimal care and support. Researchers continue to explore new treatment options to improve the prognosis and quality of life for individuals with Brittle Bone Disease.