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ENGLISH PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION: ENGLISH SYSTEM
The English democracy system can be briefly described as a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. At the heart of this system is the principle of representative government, where citizens elect members of Parliament to make decisions on their behalf. The Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons is composed of Members of Parliament (MPs) who are elected through general elections, while the House of Lords is made up of appointed members, including life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers.
NEW VOCABULARY: briefly, constitutional, monarchy, parliamentary, democracy, heat of the system, on their behalf, composed of, appointed members, life peers, bishops, hereditary
SECTION ONE:
The Prime Minister, who is the head of government, is usually the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons. The monarch, although largely ceremonial, plays a key role in the democratic process by granting royal assent to legislation and representing the unity and continuity of the state. https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/occasions/stateopening/
NEW VOCABULARY: Prime Minister, Head of Government, Leader of the Majority, House of Commons, Largely, Ceremonial, Key role, Granting, Royal assent, Legislation, Unity, Continuity
The English democracy system is characterized by the rule of law, with an independent judiciary ensuring the interpretation and application of laws. Freedom of speech, association, and the press are fundamental rights protected by law. Additionally, the system promotes devolution, allowing certain powers to be transferred to regional governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
NEW VOCABULARY: Characterised, The Rule of Law, Independent, Judiciary, Interpretation, Application of Laws, Freedom of Speech, The Press, Fundamental Rights, Devolution, Certain Powers, Regional Governments, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland
SECTION TWO:
Overall, the English democracy system combines the elements of a monarchy, parliamentary democracy, and the rule of law to ensure governance by representatives elected by the people, while upholding basic rights and freedoms.
NEW VOCABULARY: Overall, Combines, Elements, To Ensure, Representatives Elected by the people, Upholding
LISTENING VIDEO SECTION: Watch the video of the State Opening of Parliament and answer the questions below.
QUESTIONS:
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- Why does the Queen or King take a “Hostage” when she or he goes the House of Lords?
- Who is Black Rod?
- How often does this ceremony happen?
- What is the place called where our elected members of parliament sit every day?
- What is the place called where the Queen or Kings non-elected members sit every day?
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NEW VOCABULARY: Black Rod, Hostage
GRAMMAR QUESTIONS:
1. What is the simple past tense used for in English?
2. How do you form the simple past tense of regular verbs?
3. What are some examples of irregular verbs in the simple past tense?
4. Can you explain the difference between simple past and present perfect tenses?
5. How do you form negative sentences in the simple past tense?
BRAZILIAN SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION: BRAZILIAN SYSTEM:
The Brazilian democracy system is a representative democratic republic where the President serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The government is divided into three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
NEW VOCABULARY: Representative, Serves, Head of State, Head of Government, Divided, Three Branches
SECTION ONE:
In the executive branch, the President is elected by popular vote and serves a four-year term. The President appoints ministers who are responsible for various government departments. The executive branch is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws.
NEW VOCABULARY: Executive Branch, A Four Year Term, Responsible For, Government Departments, Executive Branch, Inplimenting, Enforcing
GRAMMAR QUESTIONS:
1. What is the correct form of the verb “to play” in the simple past tense?
2. In the sentence “I watched a movie yesterday,” is “watched” in the simple past tense?
3. How do you form a negative sentence in the simple past tense using the verb “to eat”?
4. What is the past simple form of an irregular verb like “to go”?
5. Write a question in the simple past tense using the verb “to live”.
SECTION TWO:
The legislative branch is composed of the National Congress, which consists of two chambers: the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Federal Senate has 81 members, while the Chamber of Deputies has 513 members. The legislative branch is responsible for making laws and overseeing the executive branch.
NEW VOCABULARY: Legislative, Branch, Composed of, Consists of, Chambers
SECTION THREE:
The judiciary is independent and is responsible for interpreting and enforcing laws. It is composed of the Federal Supreme Court, which is the highest court in Brazil, and various other federal and state courts.
NEW VOCABULARY: Judiciary, Responsible, Interpreting, Enforcing
SECTION FOUR:
In addition to these branches, Brazil has a multi-party system, with various political parties competing for seats in the National Congress. Elections are held regularly, and the political landscape is characterized by a diverse range of parties and ideologies.
Overall, the Brazilian democracy system is aimed at ensuring a separation of powers, promoting accountability, and safeguarding the rights and freedoms of its citizens.
NEW VOCABULARY: In Addition To, Multi-party System, Various, Held, Political Landscape, Characterized by, Diverse Range, Ideologies, Separation of Powers, Accountability, Safeguarding
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