INSTRUCTIONS to teachers and students:
ENGLISH: These English lessons are designed to be used either by students to help themselves improve their English or by teachers to use when delivering lessons to their students. Every lesson has six sections. Common idioms and expressions, a gap fill exercise, a reading text with new vocabulary, a grammar section, a speaking section and a writing section. These six sections help students and teachers cover the main elements of the English language.
Grammar included: ‘Received Pronunciation’ and ‘The Correct Pronunciation of “ED” in a regular verb.
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Remember that during the lesson we are continuing our RP practice to be able to improve our pronunciation and diction.
READING (Concentrate on your pronunciation of the ‘ed’ sounds. You will find the ‘ed’ lesson at the end of this English lesson.
SECTION ONE
VOCABULARY SECTION
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STATEMENT:
This English lesson is about what is happening politically and socially in the UK at the moment regarding immigration. I disagree and am ashamed of every aspect of the actions of these people. Unfortunately, this is the effect of the political rhetoric between political parties to gain support from a population heavily influenced by extreme social media. Whilst the subject matter is distasteful, it is real life.
POLITICAL VOCABULARY
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Parliament
- Meaning: The supreme legislative body in the UK, consisting of the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the Sovereign.
- Example Sentence: “The new bill was debated in Parliament for several hours before being passed.”
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Constituency
- Meaning: A geographical area represented by a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons.
- Example Sentence: “Each MP is elected to represent the interests of their constituency in Parliament.”
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Prime Minister
- Meaning: The head of government in the UK, responsible for running the country and making policy decisions.
- Example Sentence: “The Prime Minister addressed the nation to outline the new economic policies.”
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Backbencher
- Meaning: A Member of Parliament (MP) who does not hold a ministerial or shadow ministerial position.
- Example Sentence: “The backbencher raised concerns about the proposed changes to education funding.”
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Coalition
- Meaning: An alliance of political parties formed to create a majority in Parliament and govern the country.
- Example Sentence: “In 2010, the UK saw a coalition government formed between the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats.”
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Shadow Cabinet
- Meaning: A group of senior members of the main opposition party who scrutinize and offer alternative policies to those of the government ministers.
- Example Sentence: “The Shadow Cabinet criticized the government’s handling of the healthcare crisis.”
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Devolution
- Meaning: The transfer of certain powers from the central government to regional governments within the UK, such as Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
- Example Sentence: “Devolution has allowed Scotland to have its own parliament and make decisions on local issues.”
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Whip
- Meaning: A party official responsible for ensuring that MPs attend and vote according to the party line.
- Example Sentence: “The whip sent a reminder to all party members about the importance of attending the crucial vote.”
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Referendum
- Meaning: A direct vote by the electorate on a specific proposal, often a change in legislation or policy.
- Example Sentence: “The 2016 referendum resulted in the UK voting to leave the European Union, known as Brexit.”
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Manifesto
- Meaning: A public declaration of a political party’s policies and aims, issued before an election.
- Example Sentence: “The party’s manifesto promised significant investment in public services and infrastructure.”
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SECTION TWO
1).
Introduction: The Coming Economic Migration and Its Global Effects
As the planet struggles with the increasing challenges of climate change, a huge change is happening, ready to reshape the socio-economic landscape of the world: economic migration. This phenomenon, driven by the dire consequences of environmental degradation, is set to become one of the defining issues of our time. Rising sea levels, intensifying weather patterns, and prolonged droughts are not just environmental crises; they are catalysts for human movement on an unprecedented scale. As communities find themselves displaced by the harsh realities of a changing climate, the ripple effects will be felt across continents, influencing economies, cultures, and geopolitical dynamics. In this English lesson we will talk about the intricate relationship between climate change and economic migration, exploring how this emerging trend will impact the global stage and what it means for the future of humanity.
Now discuss any new vocabulary:
2).
Climate change significantly influences economic migration, as it exacerbates environmental conditions that compel people to relocate in search of better opportunities. Rising temperatures, severe weather events, and prolonged droughts can devastate agricultural yields, reduce water availability, and increase the frequency of natural disasters. These environmental stressors undermine livelihoods, especially in developing regions heavily dependent on agriculture and natural resources. As a result, individuals and families are often forced to migrate to urban areas or other countries with the hope of securing stable employment and improved living conditions. This movement not only affects the migrants themselves but also has broader socio-economic implications, including pressures on urban infrastructure, job markets, and social services in the receiving areas.
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Now discuss any new vocabulary:
VIDEO LISTENING SECTION ONE: Watch and listen to the video about what is happening in the UK at the moment.
QUESTIONS:
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- What is The Holiday Inn (hotel) being used for?
- What does ‘ cheering and chanting’ mean?
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Now discuss any new vocabulary:
Grammar Question ONE:
Conditional Sentences:
- Question: Complete the following conditional sentence: “If the global community does not take action to combat climate change, .”
https://translate.google.co.uk/
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SECTION THREE
3).
Countries that will be most affected by the impending economic migration caused by climate change include low-lying island nations like the Maldives, Tuvalu and Kiribati, as well as densely populated coastal regions in Bangladesh and Vietnam. These areas are highly vulnerable to rising sea levels, which threaten to submerge large portions of land, displacing millions of residents. Additionally, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Nigeria and Sudan, will face severe droughts and water scarcity, exacerbating food insecurity and driving populations to migrate north in search of better living conditions. The combination of environmental degradation and economic instability will force people to move towards more stable and prosperous regions, creating significant demographic shifts and potential socio-economic challenges for both the origin and destination countries.
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary. https://translate.google.co.uk/
Grammar Question TWO:
Passive Voice:
- Question: Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice: “Climate change has displaced thousands of families from their homes.”
4).
As climate change intensifies, causing severe environmental stress in southern hemisphere countries, economic migration to northern Europe and North America is expected to surge. This influx of migrants will likely lead to a diverse array of social, economic, and political changes. Economically, these regions might experience a boost in labour markets, as migrants fill essential roles in various industries, potentially alleviating labour shortages and contributing to economic growth. However, the sudden population increase could also strain public services, including healthcare, education, and housing, necessitating significant policy adjustments and investments in infrastructure. Socially, the cultural landscape of these regions will become more diverse, enriching the local communities but also posing challenges for social cohesion and integration. Politically, the rise in migration may fuel debates and shape policies around immigration, climate action, and international aid, as governments balance the need for humanitarian support with domestic concerns. Overall, northern Europe and North America will need to adopt comprehensive strategies to manage the multifaceted impacts of climate-driven economic migration effectively.
VIDEO LISTENING SECTION TWO: Climate Refugees
Questions:
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- What are ‘climate refugees’?
- What does the verb to ‘flee’ mean?
- What do the following expressions mean? ‘A beacon of hope’ and ‘A ground breaking treaty’
- What are the problems facing Tuvalu.
- By 2050 how many climate refugees are there expected to be?
- The commentator said that it will be nations such as Bangladesh that will suffer most due to climate change. What do the rest of us need to do to stop or slow climate change?
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Grammar Question THREE:
Relative Clauses:
- Question: Combine the following sentences using a relative clause: “Climate change is forcing people to migrate. These people are often from coastal regions.”
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary. https://translate.google.co.uk/
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SECTION FOUR
SPEAKING SECTION:
- Discuss your opinions about climate change migration and how it might effect you.
SECTION FIVE (REVISION)
How to pronounce the ‘ed’ sounds in regular verbs.
‘ED’ practice text
In this text remember that we are practicing our RP but at the same time we are going to practice how to pronounce the ‘ed’ in regular verbs. Here is an explanation.
In English, the pronunciation of the past tense suffix “-ed” varies and is determined by the final sound of the root verb:
1. /t/ Sound: We use this sound when the root verb ends in voiceless consonants (except for /t/), such as /p/, /k/, /s/, /ʃ/ (sh), /ʧ / (ch), and /f/. For example:
– “walk” becomes “walked” and is pronounced as /wa: kt/
– “laugh” becomes “laughed” and is pronounced as /laugh: ft/
2. /d/ Sound: We use this sound with root verbs ending in voiced sounds, which include all vowel sounds and voiced consonants (except for /d/), such as /b/, /g/, /v/, / z/, etc. For example:
– “call” becomes “called” and is pronounced as /ca lld/
– “rob” becomes “robbed” and is pronounced as /rob bd/
3. /ɪd/ or just /d/ Sound: We use this sound distinctly when the root verb ends in either a /t/ or a /d/. This additional syllable makes it easier to pronounce. For example:
– “want” becomes “wanted” and is pronounced as /ˈwant: id/
– “need” becomes “needed” and is pronounced as /ˈneed: id/
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GRAMMAR QUESTION ANSWERS:
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Relative Clauses:
- Question: Combine the following sentences using a relative clause: “Climate change is forcing people to migrate. These people are often from coastal regions.”
- Answer: “Climate change is forcing people who are often from coastal regions to migrate.”
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Passive Voice:
- Question: Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice: “Climate change has displaced thousands of families from their homes.”
- Answer: “Thousands of families have been displaced from their homes by climate change.”
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Conditional Sentences:
- Question: Complete the following conditional sentence: “If the global community does not take action to combat climate change, .”
- Answer: “If the global community does not take action to combat climate change, millions more people will be forced to migrate due to environmental conditions.”