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The Beginning of Slavery (The Brazilian Black Awareness Day)
Introduction:
Welcome to this English lesson about slavery and its origins, where we delve into the fascinating origins of the word “slavery” and explore who the first slaves in Europe were. The concept of slavery has been a part of human history for centuries, but understanding its roots offers valuable insights into how it evolved and its impact on societies across the globe. The word “Slavery” comes from the word “Slav” as in Slavics. Indeed, the first slaves were white and from eastern Europe.
Discuss any the vocabulary:
Grammar Question:
1. Choose the grammatically correct sentence:
a) The hardships of slavery have been documented extensively in literature, art, and oral history accounts.
b) In literature, art, and oral history accounts, the hardships of slavery has been documented extensively.
c) Extensively documented the hardships of slavery in literature, art, and oral history accounts have been.
d) Accounts of literature, art, and oral history have extensively the hardships of slavery been documented.
Paragraph Two:
The origin of the term “slavery” dates back to the historical plight of the Slavic people, who primarily inhabited Eastern Europe. It is believed that the English word “slavery” is derived from the ethnic designation “Slav.” Throughout the Middle Ages, many Slavs were captured and sold as slaves across Europe, particularly by invading tribes such as the Huns, Vikings, and Moors. As a result of this widespread practice, the name “Slav” eventually became synonymous with a person subjected to forced labour and subjugation. The heinous institution of slavery persisted for centuries and later expanded its reach beyond Europe to affect countless lives worldwide.
Discuss any the vocabulary:
Grammar Question:
2. Identify the blank in this sentence and choose the correct option:
_________ their experiences lived through slavery, many people struggled to adapt to freedom after abolition.
a) Owing to
b) Through to
c) Struggled with
d) Abolition of
Paragraph Three:
In the 15th century, the Portuguese were the first European nation to engage in the transatlantic slave trade from Africa. Ironically, it was their king, Dom Henrique, also known as Prince Henry the Navigator who pioneered this practice. Under his rule, Portugal forged new sea routes along the West African coast, establishing trading posts and initiating what would grow to become a massive international trade in enslaved individuals from Africa. This marked the beginning of a dark chapter in human history that has left a profound impact on generations to come.
Discuss any the vocabulary:
Grammar Question:
3. Correctly complete the following sentence with the appropriate verb form:
The young boy, who ____________ about the horrors of slavery, decided to dedicate his career to advocating for human rights.
a) Had learned
b) Has learned
c) Was Learning
d) Learn
Paragraph Four:
Black Awareness Day, celebrated on November 20th in Brazil, serves as a critical reminder of the nation’s diverse history and an opportunity to both celebrate and contemplate the contributions of Afro-Brazilians. It is a necessary holiday, as it provides a platform for raising awareness about racial equality and fostering socio-cultural understanding. Furthermore, the day honours the memory of Zumbi dos Palmares, an iconic figure who fought against slavery in Brazil during the 17th century. In a country with a significant African-descended population (over 50%), Black Awareness Day is essential in promoting inclusivity and recognizing the importance of diverse heritage. By commemorating this day, Brazilians aim to address historical injustices inflicted upon Afro-Brazilians and stimulate meaningful dialogue to foster racial harmony within society. In essence, Black Awareness Day sparks conversation and encourages collective action towards eradicating racial disparities that still pervade the country today.
Discuss any the vocabulary:
Grammar Question:
4. Select the best way to rephrase this sentence while maintaining its original meaning:
Slavery being a morally bankrupt institution perpetuated cycles of violence and servitude despite active resistance from countless enslaved persons.
a) Being a morally bankrupt institution, slavery perpetuated cycles of violence and servitude despite active resistance from countless enslaved persons.
b) It was a morally bankrupt institution that slavery perpetuated cycles of violence and servitude despite active resistance from countless enslaved persons.
c) A morally bankrupt institution, such as slavery perpetuated cycles of violence and servitude despite active resistance from countless enslaved persons.
d) Slavery as a morally bankrupt institution perpetuating cycles of violence and servitude actively resisted by countless enslaved persons.
Paragraph Five:
It is estimated that over 50% of Brazil’s population has African origins, mainly due to the strong historical connection between the country and African slavery. From the 16th to the 19th century, Brazil was a major destination for African slaves who were brought across the Atlantic as part of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. Over time, these slaves and their descendants integrated into Brazilian society, greatly influencing the nation’s cultural, social, and economic landscape. Today, Brazil is home to one of the largest African-descendant populations in the world, with millions of Brazilians proudly tracing their ancestry back to these resilient men and women.
Discuss any the vocabulary:
Grammar Question:
5. Choose the sentence with the correct use of punctuation:
a) The professor, advised the students to read books on slavery such as: “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,” “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl,” and “Twelve Years a Slave.”
b) The professor advised the students to read books on slavery, such as “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,” “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl,” and “Twelve Years a Slave.”
c) The professor; advised the students to read books on slavery,—such as: “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass”, “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl”, and “Twelve Years a Slave”
d) The professor advised, the students to read books on slavery” such as: “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass;” “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl,” and “Twelve Years a Slave.”
Conclusion:
Racism in Brazil has deep historical roots, tracing back to the colonial era and the enslavement of African peoples. Despite being a racially diverse country with a prominent African heritage, Brazil continues to struggle against the persistence of racial discrimination, prejudice, and inequality. Afro-Brazilians face significant disadvantages in areas such as education, employment, and access to basic resources. Colourism also plays a role in perpetuating discrimination, as lighter-skinned individuals often receive preferential treatment over their darker-skinned counterparts. Addressing racism in Brazil requires concerted efforts from individuals, institutions, and the government to promote inclusivity and enact policies that effectively dismantle systemic racism.