ADVANCED / INTERMEDIATE English lesson: Understanding the parts of a car in English

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Always remember that during the lesson we are continuing our RP practice to be able to improve our pronunciation and diction.

These English lessons contain the following six sections.

                            1. New Vocabulary Section
                            2. Reading and Pronunciation Section
                            3. Questions Section
                            4. Video Listening Section
                            5. Grammar 1 Section
                            6. Grammar 2 Section

1). NEW VOCABULARY SECTION:

Here are five advanced / intermediate English words for an advanced / intermediate English student, along with their meanings and example sentences:

  • Accelerator (noun)

    • Meaning: A device controlling the flow of fuel or power to an engine.
    • Example Sentence: “He put his foot down to accelerate the car onto the highway.”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word ACCELERATOR
    • Grammar:  Now form another sentence but this time insert an example of the present perfect.

  • Dashboard (noun)

    • Meaning: The control panel in front of the driver.
    • Example Sentence: “The oil light was flashing red on the dash and so he pulled over onto the hard shoulder.”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word DASH or DASHBOARD
    • Grammar:  Now form another sentence but this time insert an example of the past perfect.

  • Steering Wheel (noun)

    • Meaning: The circular device in front of the driver that is used to change direction.
    • Example Sentence: “She turned the steering wheel sharply to avoid hitting the old lady crossing the road.
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word STEERING WHEEL.
    • Grammar:  Now form another sentence but this time insert an example of the future perfect.

  • Gear Shift (noun)

    • Meaning: A device in the car used to change gear when accelerating or slowing down.
    • Example Sentence: ” How many gears does your car have?  Is if a manual or automatic gear system?
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word GEAR SHIFT.
    • Grammar:  Now form another sentence but this time insert an example of the present perfect progressive.

  • Clutch (noun)

    • Meaning: In a manual shift car it’s the pedal you press down with your foot before you change gears.
    • Example Sentence: “He let the clutch out to sharply and stalled the car.
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word CLUTCH.
    • Grammar:  Now form another sentence but this time insert an example of the past perfect progressive.

  • To Rev (verb)

    • Meaning: To increase the running speed of an engine.
    • Example Sentence: “She loved to rev the engine before taking off, feeling the power under the bonnet”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word REV.
    • Grammar:  Now form another sentence but this time insert an example of the future perfect progressive.

  • Hand Brake (noun)

    • Meaning: A brake system used to stop the car moving while not in use.
    • Example Sentence: “She left the hand brake off before leaving her car and it rolled into someones garden.
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word HAND BRAKE.
    • Grammar:  Now form another sentence but this time insert an example of the present progressive.

  • Pedals (noun)

    • Meaning: The three foot pedals on the floor of the drivers side: clutch, accelerator and brake.
    • Example Sentence: “Her husband told her to put her foot down because they were late for the appointment. 
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word PEDALS .
    • Grammar:  Now form another sentence but this time insert an example of the past progressive.

  • Windscreen Wipers

    • Meaning: The two moving arms on the front windscreen and one on the rear window that wipe the water from the glass when it’s raining.
    • Example Sentence: “It was difficult to see because it was raining so hard, until I switched on the wipers.
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word WINDSCREEN WIPERS.
    • Grammar:  Now form another sentence but this time insert an example of the future progressive.
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2). READING & PRONUNCIATION SECTION:

Driving a manual gear shift car involves a more hands-on approach compared to automatic vehicles. The key controls include the clutch pedal, gear lever, and accelerator pedal. The clutch pedal, found to the left of the brake, is crucial for changing gears. To shift gears, the driver must press the clutch pedal to disengage the engine from the wheels. The gear lever, usually positioned between the front seats, is used to select the desired gear. Each gear is marked with a number, and moving the lever into the appropriate slot engages that gear. The accelerator pedal, found on the far right, is used to control the car’s speed. To start moving, the driver gradually releases the clutch while gently pressing the accelerator. Mastery of these controls allows for smooth and efficient driving, providing the driver with greater control over the vehicle’s power and speed.
New Vocabulary: gear shift, hands-on, clutch, pedal, lever, gears, disengage, engine, wheels, desired, far right, release, mastery, allow, smooth, efficient, vehicle

3). QUESTION SECTION:

              1. Identify all of the different examples of adjectives in the paragraph above.
              2. Identify any adverbs present in the paragraph.
              3. Identify and regular verbs in the paragraph.
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary.  https://translate.google.co.uk/

4). VIDEO LISTENING SECTION:

Questions:

  1.  While stopping what is it called when we lift our foot of the pedal?  F……..G
  2. What is the word to describe the point when the clutch is let out and the car begins to move? B….. P….
  3. When you get into the car what is the first thing you do?
  4. What is the first thing to check before you move off?

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5). GRAMMAR SECTION ONE:

How to pronounce the ‘ed’ sounds in regular verbs.

‘ED’ practice text

In this text remember that we are practicing our RP but at the same time we are going to practice how to pronounce the ‘ed’ in regular verbs. Here is an explanation.

In English, the pronunciation of the past tense suffix “-ed” varies and is determined by the final sound of the root verb:

1. /t/ Sound: We use this sound when the root verb ends in voiceless consonants (except for /t/), such as /p/, /k/, /s/, /ʃ/ (sh), /ʧ / (ch), and /f/. For example:
– “walk” becomes “walked” and is pronounced as /wa: kt/
– “laugh” becomes “laughed” and is pronounced as /laugh: ft/

2. /d/ Sound: We use this sound with root verbs ending in voiced sounds, which include all vowel sounds and voiced consonants (except for /d/), such as /b/, /g/, /v/, / z/, etc. For example:
– “call” becomes “called” and is pronounced as /ca lld/
– “rob” becomes “robbed” and is pronounced as /rob bd/

3. /ɪd/ or just /d/ Sound: We use this sound distinctly when the root verb ends in either a /t/ or a /d/. This additional syllable makes it easier to pronounce. For example:
– “want” becomes “wanted” and is pronounced as /ˈwant: id/
– “need” becomes “needed” and is pronounced as /ˈneed: id/

6). GRAMMAR SECTION TWO:

Here is a comprehensive guide to the grammar rules for all of the perfect tenses in English, along with examples:

Present Perfect Progressive Tense

Rule: The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past or an action that began in the past and continues in the present. It is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb “have” (have/has) followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

  • Subject + have/has + past participle

Examples:

  • I have eaten breakfast. (Action at an unspecified time in the past)
  • She has lived here for five years. (Action that began in the past and continues in the present)

Past Perfect Tense

Rule: The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or time in the past. It is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb “have” (had) followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

  • Subject + had + past participle

Examples:

  • I had finished my homework before the movie started. (Action completed before another action)
  • They had left by the time I arrived. (Action completed before another action)

Future Perfect Tense

Rule: The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will be completed before a specific time in the future. It is formed by using “will have” followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

  • Subject + will have + past participle

Examples:

  • I will have finished my project by tomorrow. (Action that will be completed before a specific future time)
  • She will have travelled to five countries by the end of the year. (Action that will be completed before a specific future time)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule: The present perfect continuous tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and has continued up until now, often with an emphasis on the duration. It is formed by using “have/has been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).

Structure:

  • Subject + have/has been + present participle

Examples:

  • I have been studying for three hours. (Action started in the past and continues up to now with emphasis on duration)
  • She has been working here since June. (Action started in the past and continues up to now with emphasis on duration)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule: The past perfect continuous tense is used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past and was completed before another past action. It is formed by using “had been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).

Structure:

  • Subject + had been + present participle

Examples:

  • I had been reading for two hours when the power went out. (Ongoing action in the past completed before another past action)
  • They had been living in Paris for a year before they moved to London. (Ongoing action in the past completed before another past action)

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule: The future perfect continuous tense is used to describe an ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time, often with an emphasis on the duration. It is formed by using “will have been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).

Structure:

  • Subject + will have been + present participle

Examples:

  • By next month, I will have been working here for five years. (Ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time with emphasis on duration)
  • They will have been traveling for 24 hours by the time they arrive. (Ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time with emphasis on duration)

These rules and examples should help you understand and use the perfect tenses in English accurately.

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