Advanced / Intermediate English Lesson THE AEROPORT (Airport)

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Always remember that during the lesson we are continuing our RP practice to be able to improve our pronunciation and diction.

These English lessons contain the following six sections.

                            1. New Vocabulary Section
                            2. Reading and Pronunciation Section
                            3. Questions Section
                            4. Video Listening Section
                            5. Grammar 1 Section
                            6. Grammar 2 Section

1). NEW VOCABULARY SECTION:

Here are five advanced / intermediate English words for an advanced / intermediate English student, along with their meanings and example sentences:

  • Concourse
    Meaning: A large open area inside or in front of a public building, such as an aeroport (airport), where people can gather.
    Example Sentence: As the travellers ambled through the concourse, they marvelled at the architectural grandeur, which, having been recently renovated, showcased modern elegance.

  • Speaking: Form a sentence using the word ‘concourse’. In the sentence use a number of adjectives to describe it.
  • Question: “Amidst the bustling airport, the concourse was filled with travellers eager to reach their destinations.”  In this sentence what does the word ‘amidst’ mean?

  • Expedite
    Meaning: To make a process happen more quickly.
    Example Sentence: To expedite the security screening process, passengers are advised to have their boarding passes and identification ready, ensuring that delays, which are often inevitable, are minimized.

  • Writing / Speaking: Form a sentence using the word ‘expedite’. In the sentence use a number of verbs.
  • Question: “To expedite the process, the manager introduced a new software system that streamlined communication between departments.”   In this sentence what does the word ‘streamlined’ mean

  • Transit
    Meaning: The act of passing through or across a place; the process of being transported.
    Example Sentence: While in transit, the passengers, who had been travelling for hours, took the opportunity to rest in the lounge, where refreshments were abundantly available.

  • Writing / Speaking: Form a sentence using the word ‘transit’. In the sentence use a number of verbs.
  • Question:  “In transit, the cargo must be handled with extreme care to prevent any damage.”  What is ‘cargo’?

  • Recline
    Meaning: To lean or lie back in a relaxed position.
    Example Sentence: The seats in the first-class cabin, which recline fully, offer unparalleled comfort, allowing passengers to sleep soundly during long-haul flights.

  • Writing / Speaking: Form a sentence using the word ‘recline’. In the sentence use a number of verbs.
  • Question:  “Despite the uncomfortable surface, she managed to recline gracefully, illustrating her ability to adapt to any situation.”  In this sentence what does the phrase ‘ability to adapt’ mean?

  • Itinerary
    Meaning: A planned route or journey, or a detailed plan for a journey.
    Example Sentence: The travel agent prepared an itinerary that was not only comprehensive but also flexible, ensuring that any unforeseen changes, should they arise, could be accommodated with ease.

  • Writing / Speaking: Form a sentence using the word ‘itinerary’. In the sentence use a number of adjectives to describe it.
  • Question: “The travel agent, having meticulously planned the entire  itinerary, ensured that every detail of the trip was perfect.” In this sentence what does the word ‘entire’ mean?
    • (See two examples in the text below)

2). READING & PRONUNCIATION SECTION:

Navigating an aeroport (airport) can be a daunting experience, especially for those who have been travelling for hours and are eager to expedite their journey to the next destination. Having been waiting in transit longer than expected due to a flight delay, travellers often find themselves rushing through the bustling concourse to ensure they adhere to their itinerary. As they weave through the throng of passengers, they recall how they had been meticulously planning their trip for months, only to find that unexpected occurrences can disrupt even the most well-laid plans. While seated in a crowded terminal, travellers who had been reclined in their seats during the flight might review their itinerary one last time, ensuring that everything aligns seamlessly with their next leg of travel. Despite the challenges, mastering the art of airport navigation requires patience, flexibility, and a willingness to adapt to changes, ensuring that the journey is as smooth as possible.

3). QUESTION SECTION:

              1. Identify all of the different grammar tenses within the above text.
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary.  https://translate.google.co.uk/

4). VIDEO LISTENING SECTION:

Questions:

  1. What is the busiest aeoport in the world and how many terminals and runways does it have?
  2. Which is the 4th busiest aeroport in the world and how many passengers does it accommodate each year?
  3. Google the following information:
  4. How many passengers does Sao Paulo aeorport handle each year?
  5. How many terminals and runways does it have?

5). GRAMMAR SECTION ONE:

How to pronounce the ‘ed’ sounds in regular verbs.

‘ED’ practice text

In this text remember that we are practicing our RP but at the same time we are going to practice how to pronounce the ‘ed’ in regular verbs. Here is an explanation.

In English, the pronunciation of the past tense suffix “-ed” varies and is determined by the final sound of the root verb:

1. /t/ Sound: We use this sound when the root verb ends in voiceless consonants (except for /t/), such as /p/, /k/, /s/, /ʃ/ (sh), /ʧ / (ch), and /f/. For example:
– “walk” becomes “walked” and is pronounced as /wa: kt/
– “laugh” becomes “laughed” and is pronounced as /laugh: ft/

2. /d/ Sound: We use this sound with root verbs ending in voiced sounds, which include all vowel sounds and voiced consonants (except for /d/), such as /b/, /g/, /v/, / z/, etc. For example:
– “call” becomes “called” and is pronounced as /ca lld/
– “rob” becomes “robbed” and is pronounced as /rob bd/

3. /ɪd/ or just /d/ Sound: We use this sound distinctly when the root verb ends in either a /t/ or a /d/. This additional syllable makes it easier to pronounce. For example:
– “want” becomes “wanted” and is pronounced as /ˈwant: id/
– “need” becomes “needed” and is pronounced as /ˈneed: id/

6). GRAMMAR SECTION TWO:

Here is a comprehensive guide to the grammar rules for all of the perfect tenses in English, along with examples:

Present Perfect Progressive Tense

Rule: The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past or an action that began in the past and continues in the present. It is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb “have” (have/has) followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

  • Subject + have/has + past participle

Examples:

  • I have eaten breakfast. (Action at an unspecified time in the past)
  • She has lived here for five years. (Action that began in the past and continues in the present)

Past Perfect Tense

Rule: The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or time in the past. It is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb “have” (had) followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

  • Subject + had + past participle

Examples:

  • I had finished my homework before the movie started. (Action completed before another action)
  • They had left by the time I arrived. (Action completed before another action)

Future Perfect Tense

Rule: The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will be completed before a specific time in the future. It is formed by using “will have” followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

  • Subject + will have + past participle

Examples:

  • I will have finished my project by tomorrow. (Action that will be completed before a specific future time)
  • She will have travelled to five countries by the end of the year. (Action that will be completed before a specific future time)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule: The present perfect continuous tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and has continued up until now, often with an emphasis on the duration. It is formed by using “have/has been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).

Structure:

  • Subject + have/has been + present participle

Examples:

  • I have been studying for three hours. (Action started in the past and continues up to now with emphasis on duration)
  • She has been working here since June. (Action started in the past and continues up to now with emphasis on duration)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule: The past perfect continuous tense is used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past and was completed before another past action. It is formed by using “had been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).

Structure:

  • Subject + had been + present participle

Examples:

  • I had been reading for two hours when the power went out. (Ongoing action in the past completed before another past action)
  • They had been living in Paris for a year before they moved to London. (Ongoing action in the past completed before another past action)

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule: The future perfect continuous tense is used to describe an ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time, often with an emphasis on the duration. It is formed by using “will have been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).

Structure:

  • Subject + will have been + present participle

Examples:

  • By next month, I will have been working here for five years. (Ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time with emphasis on duration)
  • They will have been traveling for 24 hours by the time they arrive. (Ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time with emphasis on duration)

These rules and examples should help you understand and use the perfect tenses in English accurately.

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