ADVANCED ENGLISH LESSON: Understanding the parts of a motorcycle in English.

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Always remember that during the lesson we are continuing our RP practice to be able to improve our pronunciation and diction.

These English lessons contain the following six sections.

                            1. New Vocabulary Section
                            2. Reading and Pronunciation Section
                            3. Questions Section
                            4. Video Listening Section
                            5. Grammar 1 Section
                            6. Grammar 2 Section

1). NEW VOCABULARY SECTION:

Here are five advanced / intermediate English words for an advanced / intermediate English student, along with their meanings and example sentences:

  • Throttle

    • Meaning: A device controlling the flow of fuel or power to an engine.
    • Example Sentence: “He twisted the throttle to accelerate the motorcycle onto the highway.”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word THROTTLE.

  • Pillion

    • Meaning: A seat for a passenger behind the driver of a motorcycle.
    • Example Sentence: “She enjoyed the ride sitting comfortably on the pillion.”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word PILLION.

  • Chopper

    • Meaning: A type of motorcycle that has extended forks and customized parts, often with a unique style.
    • Example Sentence: “The chopper roared down the street, turning heads with its gleaming chrome.”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word CHOPPER.

  • Kickstand

    • Meaning: A metal bar attached to a motorcycle for keeping it upright when parked.
    • Example Sentence: “Before dismounting, he set the kickstand to stabilize his bike.”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word KICKSTAND.

  • Apex

    • Meaning: The innermost point of a curve, where a motorcyclist aims to position their bike for optimal cornering.
    • Example Sentence: “He leaned into the turn perfectly, hitting the apex with precision.”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word APEX.

  • Rev

    • Meaning: To increase the running speed of an engine.
    • Example Sentence: “She loved to rev the engine before taking off, feeling the power beneath her.”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word REV.

  • Fairing

    • Meaning: A structure on a motorcycle designed to reduce air drag and protect the rider from wind.
    • Example Sentence: “The fairing on his bike kept the wind from hitting his chest during long rides.”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word FAIRING.

  • Cafe Racer

    • Meaning: A lightweight, powerful motorcycle optimized for speed and handling rather than comfort.
    • Example Sentence: “He spent months customizing his café racer, making it the fastest bike in his group.
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word CAFE RACER.

  • Torque

    • Meaning: A measure of the rotational force applied by the engine to the motorcycle’s wheels.
    • Example Sentence: “The bike’s high torque made it easy to accelerate swiftly from a standstill.”
    • Speaking: Now form a sentence using the word TORQUE.

2). READING & PRONUNCIATION SECTION:

A motorcycle is a complex machine composed of various interdependent parts that work in harmony to provide an exhilarating riding experience. At the heart of the motorcycle lies the engine, often referred to as the powerplant, which converts fuel into the mechanical energy needed to propel the bike forward. This engine is connected to the transmission, which manages the power distribution across various speeds. Supporting the frame, which serves as the backbone of the motorcycle, are the suspension systems, including forks and shocks, designed to absorb the bumps and maintain stability. The wheels, equipped with tyres, provide traction and are essential for maneuverability. Meanwhile, the braking system, consisting of discs and calipers, ensures safety by controlling speed. Additionally, the handlebars, seat, and foot pegs are crucial for rider control and comfort, allowing for precise steering and positioning. Understanding these components not only enhances one’s appreciation of motorcycle engineering but also aids in the maintenance and customization of the bike.

3). QUESTION SECTION:

              1. Identify all of the different grammar tenses within the above text.
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary.  https://translate.google.co.uk/

4). VIDEO LISTENING SECTION:

Questions:

  1.  What is another name for a break disk?
  2. How many headlights does the bike have?
  3. Name all the parts of the gauge cluster.
  4. What does the verb ‘to grip’ mean?
  5. Which hand do we grip the throttle with?
  6. In Portuguese what is a wheel and a tyre?
  7. Which foot do we operate the gears with?
  8. How many gears does this bike have?
  9. How many shock absorbers does this bike have?
  10. What covers the chain?  What is the word ‘chain’ in Portuguese?

5). GRAMMAR SECTION ONE:

How to pronounce the ‘ed’ sounds in regular verbs.

‘ED’ practice text

In this text remember that we are practicing our RP but at the same time we are going to practice how to pronounce the ‘ed’ in regular verbs. Here is an explanation.

In English, the pronunciation of the past tense suffix “-ed” varies and is determined by the final sound of the root verb:

1. /t/ Sound: We use this sound when the root verb ends in voiceless consonants (except for /t/), such as /p/, /k/, /s/, /ʃ/ (sh), /ʧ / (ch), and /f/. For example:
– “walk” becomes “walked” and is pronounced as /wa: kt/
– “laugh” becomes “laughed” and is pronounced as /laugh: ft/

2. /d/ Sound: We use this sound with root verbs ending in voiced sounds, which include all vowel sounds and voiced consonants (except for /d/), such as /b/, /g/, /v/, / z/, etc. For example:
– “call” becomes “called” and is pronounced as /ca lld/
– “rob” becomes “robbed” and is pronounced as /rob bd/

3. /ɪd/ or just /d/ Sound: We use this sound distinctly when the root verb ends in either a /t/ or a /d/. This additional syllable makes it easier to pronounce. For example:
– “want” becomes “wanted” and is pronounced as /ˈwant: id/
– “need” becomes “needed” and is pronounced as /ˈneed: id/

6). GRAMMAR SECTION TWO:

Here is a comprehensive guide to the grammar rules for all of the perfect tenses in English, along with examples:

Present Perfect Progressive Tense

Rule: The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past or an action that began in the past and continues in the present. It is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb “have” (have/has) followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

  • Subject + have/has + past participle

Examples:

  • I have eaten breakfast. (Action at an unspecified time in the past)
  • She has lived here for five years. (Action that began in the past and continues in the present)

Past Perfect Tense

Rule: The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or time in the past. It is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb “have” (had) followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

  • Subject + had + past participle

Examples:

  • I had finished my homework before the movie started. (Action completed before another action)
  • They had left by the time I arrived. (Action completed before another action)

Future Perfect Tense

Rule: The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will be completed before a specific time in the future. It is formed by using “will have” followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

  • Subject + will have + past participle

Examples:

  • I will have finished my project by tomorrow. (Action that will be completed before a specific future time)
  • She will have travelled to five countries by the end of the year. (Action that will be completed before a specific future time)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule: The present perfect continuous tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and has continued up until now, often with an emphasis on the duration. It is formed by using “have/has been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).

Structure:

  • Subject + have/has been + present participle

Examples:

  • I have been studying for three hours. (Action started in the past and continues up to now with emphasis on duration)
  • She has been working here since June. (Action started in the past and continues up to now with emphasis on duration)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule: The past perfect continuous tense is used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past and was completed before another past action. It is formed by using “had been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).

Structure:

  • Subject + had been + present participle

Examples:

  • I had been reading for two hours when the power went out. (Ongoing action in the past completed before another past action)
  • They had been living in Paris for a year before they moved to London. (Ongoing action in the past completed before another past action)

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule: The future perfect continuous tense is used to describe an ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time, often with an emphasis on the duration. It is formed by using “will have been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).

Structure:

  • Subject + will have been + present participle

Examples:

  • By next month, I will have been working here for five years. (Ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time with emphasis on duration)
  • They will have been traveling for 24 hours by the time they arrive. (Ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time with emphasis on duration)

These rules and examples should help you understand and use the perfect tenses in English accurately.

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