INSTRUCTIONS to teachers and students:
ENGLISH: These English lessons are designed to be used either by students to help themselves improve their English or by teachers to use when delivering lessons to their students. Every lesson has six sections. Common idioms and expressions, a gap fill exercise, a reading text with new vocabulary, a grammar section, a speaking section and a writing section. These six sections help students and teachers cover the main elements of the English language.
Grammar included: ‘Received Pronunciation’ and ‘The Correct Pronunciation of “ED” in a regular verb.
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Remember that during the lesson we are continuing our RP practice to be able to improve our pronunciation and diction.
READING (Concentrate on your pronunciation of the ‘ed’ sounds. You will find the ‘ed’ lesson at the end of this English lesson.
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At the end of this English lesson you will find the rules to using the perfect tenses with examples
SECTION ONE (READING)
GAMBLING VOCABULARY:
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A Bet (noun) or to bet (verb)
- Meaning: An act of risking a sum of money or valued item against a predicted outcome, often in games of chance or sports. Such as sports betting, The lottery or Bingo
- Example Sentence: John placed a bet on his favourite team to win the championship, hoping to double his money.
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A Wager (noun) or to wager (verb)
- Meaning: Another term for a bet; the amount of money or item of value risked in a gamble.
- Example Sentence: She made a wager of £50 on the roulette wheel, confident that her lucky number would come up.
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A Jackpot (noun)
- Meaning: A large cash prize in a game of chance, typically accumulated over time and won by a single player or event.
- Example Sentence: Hitting the jackpot at the slot machine, he walked away with thousands of pounds (£) in winnings.
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A Bluff (noun) or to bluff (verb)
- Meaning: A deceptive act in gambling, particularly in poker, where a player pretends to have a stronger hand than they actually do.
- Example Sentence: Despite having a weak hand, Sarah decided to bluff, convincing her opponents to fold.
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Casino (noun)
- Meaning: A facility for certain types of gambling, including slot machines, poker, blackjack, and other games of chance.
- Example Sentence: They spent the evening at the casino, trying their luck at various games and enjoying the lively atmosphere.
- Match Betting
- Meaning: Betting on all possible outcomes.
- Example Sentence: Alice won £20 by betting on Andy Murry to win the final at the Wimbledon tennis championships and at the same time she bet on Roger Federer to win in the same game. She covered all possible events.
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INTRODUCTION:
The Thrill and Risks of Gambling: An In-Depth Exploration
1). Gambling has been a part of human culture for centuries, from ancient dice games and betting on gladiatorial contests to today’s high-tech online casinos and sports betting apps. The allure of gambling lies in its promise of excitement, the thrill of the unknown, and the tantalizing possibility of striking it rich. Yet, it’s a world that walks a fine line between entertainment and risk, where the stakes can be as high as the rewards.
2). As we think about this multifaceted world of gambling, we’ll explore its history, the psychology behind why people gamble, and the impact it has on individuals and society. Whether you’re a seasoned player or a curious onlooker, this English lesson aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various forms of gambling, the potential benefits, and the significant dangers that come with it and more importantly expand your English knowledge.
3). Join me on this journey as we unravel the complexities of gambling, shedding light on both its captivating allure and the critical need for responsible play. Whether you’re looking to understand the odds better, seeking tips on how to gamble responsibly, or just interested in the cultural phenomenon that gambling represents, this lesson is for you.
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary. https://translate.google.co.uk/
1). Betting to win
A). Placing a bet on a football match involves several steps to ensure a smooth and responsible wagering experience. First, choose a reputable sportsbook or betting platform, either online or at a physical location. After registering an account, deposit funds using a secure payment method. Next, navigate to the football section and select the match you wish to bet on.
B). Familiarize yourself with the various betting options available, such as match outcome (win, lose, or draw), total goals, and specific player performances. After analysing the odds and making an informed decision, enter the amount you wish to wager and confirm your bet. Always remember to bet responsibly, setting a budget and sticking to it to avoid any financial strain.
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary. https://translate.google.co.uk/
2). Betting to lose (lay)
Laying a bet involves taking on the role of the bookmaker, where you bet on something not happening. When you lay a bet, you are essentially wagering that a specific outcome will not occur. For example, if you lay a bet on a horse, you are betting that the horse will not win the race. If the horse loses, you win the bet; if the horse wins, you lose the bet and must pay out the winnings to the person who placed the win bet. In contrast, placing a win bet is the more traditional form of betting where you wager on a specific outcome happening, such as a horse winning a race. If the horse wins, you receive a pay-out based on the odds of the bet. The key difference between the two is that laying a bet means you are betting against an outcome, while placing a win bet means you are betting for an outcome. Both types of bets can be utilized in various betting exchanges and markets, each offering unique strategies and opportunities for bettors.
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary. https://translate.google.co.uk/
VIDEO:
VIDEO QUESTIONS:
QUESTIONS:
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- Which tennis player did Eddy place a bet on and what were the odds and how much did you bet in £s?
- How much will Eddy lose? And why?
- Why did Alice win if Andy Murry lost or won?
- What is the system of betting called?
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3). Spread Betting (placing a win bet and lay bet on the same game)
A). Spread betting in football involves wagering on the margin of victory in a game rather than simply betting on which team will win. The bookmaker sets a “spread,” which is a predicted margin between the two teams’ scores. Bettors can either “buy” the favourite to win by more than the spread or “sell” the underdog to lose by less than the spread or even win outright.
B). For example, if the spread is set at 7 points, and you buy the favourite, they need to win by more than 7 points for you to profit. Conversely, if you sell the underdog, they must lose by fewer than 7 points (or win) for you to make a profit. Spread betting offers dynamic pay-outs based on the accuracy of your prediction, making it a more complex and potentially lucrative form of wagering compared to traditional fixed-odds betting. However, it also comes with higher risks, as losses can exceed the initial stake if the result deviates significantly from the spread.
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary. https://translate.google.co.uk/
4). Guaranteed winning
A). Using specialized betting software, you can efficiently calculate a bet to win and a lay bet to guarantee a profit, a technique often referred to as “matched betting.” The software first allows you to identify suitable opportunities by comparing odds from various bookmakers and betting exchanges. To begin, you’ll place a back bet on a selection (e.g., a horse or a sports team) at a high street bookmakers or online bookmaker . Concurrently, you use the software to calculate the exact stake needed for a lay bet on the same selection at a betting exchange, ensuring the odds and commissions are factored in. The software provides precise calculations that align the back and lay bets, balancing the potential outcomes.
B). If the selection wins, the back bet pays out, covering the lay bet loss. Conversely, if the selection loses, the lay bet wins, offsetting the loss from the back bet. By leveraging these calculated bets, you can lock in a profit regardless of the event’s outcome, effectively minimizing risk and maximizing returns.
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary. https://translate.google.co.uk/
5).
Step-by-Step Guide
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Understanding the Terms:
- Back Bet: A bet placed on a selection to win.
- Lay Bet: A bet placed against a selection, meaning you are betting that the selection will lose.
- Decimal Odds: The odds format where the potential return is calculated by multiplying the stake by the odds.
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Choosing the Odds:
- Let’s say you are placing a £10 back bet on a football team to win with decimal odds of 3.0.
- To lay the same team on a betting exchange, you find the lay odds at 3.2.
VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary. https://translate.google.co.uk
6). The preparation steps
A). All online betting companies offer new customer offers. For example: when you first open an account they might offer you £25 in free bets. In other words if you place a bet, let’s say a £5 bet on a football match and it either wins or loses it doesn’t matter because you are using their money to bet with. So it doesn’t matter if it wins or loses. If it wins you take the profit from the bet. Free money. If it loses, you lose nothing and win nothing. BUT if you are given a free bet. The software below will calculate your STAKE and the lay ODDS for you. It requires you to place a TO WIN bet and a TO LOSE bet on the same football game.
B). The software simply calculates the two bets so that whatever the outcome you win some money. See image below. Place bet to win £10 at odds of 3.0 = £30 if win. £20 profit, if loose, you loose £10. Place bet to lose (lay) £13.75. If the team wins you make £20 – £13.75 = £6.25 profit. If the team loses you make you also make £6.25 profit. The skill is in finding the new customer free bets online. Once you register an account they are always sending you special offers to prompt you to make a bet. The best way to do it is to join the website Oddsmonkey.com or OUTPLAYED.com as they will find all of the websites and tips for you and calculate the odds and stakes for you. After your trial period which is free you will need to pay a small monthly subscription fee to access all their tips. Oddsmonkey.com and OUTPLAYED.com also include educational videos to help you understand fully the concept of match betting. For a better understanding of placing two bets on the same event take a look at the video above.
7). Software (Matched betting)
8). Website (Oddsmonkey.com)
9). Website (OUTPLAYED.com)
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SECTION TWO (REVISION)
How to pronounce the ‘ed’ sounds in regular verbs.
‘ED’ practice text
In this text remember that we are practicing our RP but at the same time we are going to practice how to pronounce the ‘ed’ in regular verbs. Here is an explanation.
In English, the pronunciation of the past tense suffix “-ed” varies and is determined by the final sound of the root verb:
1. /t/ Sound: We use this sound when the root verb ends in voiceless consonants (except for /t/), such as /p/, /k/, /s/, /ʃ/ (sh), /ʧ / (ch), and /f/. For example:
– “walk” becomes “walked” and is pronounced as /wa: kt/
– “laugh” becomes “laughed” and is pronounced as /laugh: ft/
2. /d/ Sound: We use this sound with root verbs ending in voiced sounds, which include all vowel sounds and voiced consonants (except for /d/), such as /b/, /g/, /v/, / z/, etc. For example:
– “call” becomes “called” and is pronounced as /ca lld/
– “rob” becomes “robbed” and is pronounced as /rob bd/
3. /ɪd/ or just /d/ Sound: We use this sound distinctly when the root verb ends in either a /t/ or a /d/. This additional syllable makes it easier to pronounce. For example:
– “want” becomes “wanted” and is pronounced as /ˈwant: id/
– “need” becomes “needed” and is pronounced as /ˈneed: id/
ANSWERS:
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Here is a comprehensive guide to the grammar rules for all of the perfect tenses in English, along with examples:
Present Perfect Tense
Rule: The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past or an action that began in the past and continues in the present. It is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb “have” (have/has) followed by the past participle of the main verb.
Structure:
- Subject + have/has + past participle
Examples:
- I have eaten breakfast. (Action at an unspecified time in the past)
- She has lived here for five years. (Action that began in the past and continues in the present)
Past Perfect Tense
Rule: The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or time in the past. It is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb “have” (had) followed by the past participle of the main verb.
Structure:
- Subject + had + past participle
Examples:
- I had finished my homework before the movie started. (Action completed before another action)
- They had left by the time I arrived. (Action completed before another action)
Future Perfect Tense
Rule: The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will be completed before a specific time in the future. It is formed by using “will have” followed by the past participle of the main verb.
Structure:
- Subject + will have + past participle
Examples:
- I will have finished my project by tomorrow. (Action that will be completed before a specific future time)
- She will have traveled to five countries by the end of the year. (Action that will be completed before a specific future time)
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Rule: The present perfect continuous tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and has continued up until now, often with an emphasis on the duration. It is formed by using “have/has been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).
Structure:
- Subject + have/has been + present participle
Examples:
- I have been studying for three hours. (Action started in the past and continues up to now with emphasis on duration)
- She has been working here since June. (Action started in the past and continues up to now with emphasis on duration)
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Rule: The past perfect continuous tense is used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past and was completed before another past action. It is formed by using “had been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).
Structure:
- Subject + had been + present participle
Examples:
- I had been reading for two hours when the power went out. (Ongoing action in the past completed before another past action)
- They had been living in Paris for a year before they moved to London. (Ongoing action in the past completed before another past action)
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Rule: The future perfect continuous tense is used to describe an ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time, often with an emphasis on the duration. It is formed by using “will have been” followed by the present participle (verb + ing).
Structure:
- Subject + will have been + present participle
Examples:
- By next month, I will have been working here for five years. (Ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time with emphasis on duration)
- They will have been traveling for 24 hours by the time they arrive. (Ongoing action that will be completed before a specific future time with emphasis on duration)
These rules and examples should help you understand and use the perfect tenses in English accurately.
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