INSTRUCTIONS to teachers and students:
ENGLISH: These English lessons are designed to be used either by students to help themselves improve their English or by teachers to use when delivering lessons to their students. Every lesson has six sections. Common idioms and expressions, a gap fill exercise, a reading text with new vocabulary, a grammar section, a speaking section and a writing section. These six sections help students and teachers cover the main elements of the English language.
Grammar included: ‘Received Pronunciation’ and ‘The Correct Pronunciation of “ED” in a regular verb.
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Remember that during the lesson we are continuing our RP practice to be able to improve our pronunciation and diction.
READING (Concentrate on your pronunciation of the ‘ed’ sounds. You will find the ‘ed’ lesson at the end of this English lesson.
SECTION ONE
VOCABULARY SECTION
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VOCABULARY: Accidents & Emergencies in English
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Paramedic
- Meaning: A healthcare professional who provides emergency medical treatment.
- Example Sentence: The paramedic arrived within minutes and quickly administered CPR to the unconscious man.
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First Aid
- Meaning: The immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury.
- Example Sentence: Knowing first aid can be crucial in the moments before professional medical help arrives.
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Trauma
- Meaning: A serious injury to the body, often resulting from an accident or violence.
- Example Sentence: The victim was rushed to the trauma center with severe injuries from the car crash.
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Emergency Room (ER)
- Meaning: The part of a hospital where people who have severe injuries or sudden illnesses are taken for immediate treatment.
- Example Sentence: After the accident, she was taken to the emergency room for urgent care.
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Resuscitate
- Meaning: To revive someone from unconsciousness or apparent death.
- Example Sentence: The lifeguard managed to resuscitate the drowning victim just in time.
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Ambulance
- Meaning: A vehicle equipped for taking sick or injured people to and from the hospital.
- Example Sentence: The ambulance arrived quickly to transport the injured cyclist to the hospital.
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CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
- Meaning: A life-saving technique used in emergencies when someone’s heartbeat or breathing has stopped.
- Example Sentence: She performed CPR on her father until the paramedics arrived.
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Triage
- Meaning: The process of determining the priority of patients’ treatments based on the severity of their condition.
- Example Sentence: In the emergency room, triage nurses assess the urgency of each patient’s needs.
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Fire Extinguisher
- Meaning: A device that sprays water or chemicals to put out a fire.
- Example Sentence: She grabbed the fire extinguisher to put out the kitchen fire before it spread.
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Evacuation
- Meaning: The removal of people from a dangerous place to a safer one.
- Example Sentence: The building’s occupants were ordered to evacuate immediately due to the gas leak.
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SECTION TWO
1). INTRODUCTION:
Accidents and emergencies are unpredictable events that can happen to anyone, anywhere, and at any time. Whether it’s a minor mishap or a serious incident, knowing the right vocabulary can be crucial in effectively communicating and seeking help. In this English lesson we will explore essential English terms and phrases related to common accidents and emergencies, helping you to be better prepared and more confident in handling such situations. From understanding the difference between “injury” and “wound” to knowing how to describe various emergency scenarios, this guide will equip you with the language skills needed to navigate these challenging moments.
Now discuss any new vocabulary:
PARAGRAPH TWO ( INJURY, WOUND)
The terms “injury” and “wound” are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. An “injury” is a broad term that refers to any damage or harm caused to the body, which can result from a variety of sources such as accidents, physical trauma, or repetitive strain. This encompasses a wide range of conditions, from fractures and sprains to concussions and bruises. On the other hand, a “wound” specifically refers to a type of injury that involves a break in the skin or other tissues, typically caused by a cut, puncture, or tear. While all wounds are injuries, not all injuries are wounds. Understanding this distinction can aid in the appropriate classification and treatment of physical harm.
Now discuss any new vocabulary:
PARAGRAPH THREE (FRACTURE, BREAK, COMPOUND FRACTURE)
A fracture and a break are essentially the same thing; both terms refer to a crack or complete break in a bone. However, the term “fracture” is more commonly used in medical contexts, while “break” is a more general term that laypeople use. A compound fracture, on the other hand, is a specific type of fracture where the broken bone pierces through the skin, creating an open wound. This type of fracture is more severe than a simple fracture (where the bone does not break the skin) because it carries a higher risk of infection and typically requires more intensive medical treatment.
Grammar Question ONE:
Identify the sentence with the correct use of the past perfect tense:
a) Before the doctor arrived, the patient had already fractured his arm.
b) Before the doctor arrived, the patient has already fractured his arm.
c) Before the doctor arrived, the patient already fractures his arm.
d) Before the doctor arrived, the patient already fractured his arm.
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GRAMMAR EXPLANATION:
The present perfect tense is a grammatical construction used in English to describe actions or events that have occurred at an unspecified time before now. It connects the past with the present, indicating that the effects or consequences of the action are still relevant or observable.
Structure
The present perfect tense is formed using:
- Subject + have/has + past participle
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SECTION THREE
VIDEO LISTENING SECTION ONE: Watch and listen to the video about how a broken bone heals.
QUESTIONS:
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- What does the verb to heal mean?
- Explain the different types of fractures.
- Explain what is haemostasis and why it happens.
- What is a swelling and why does it happen?
- Name one kind of white blood cell.
- What are chondroblasts and what do they do and when?
- What does an osteoblast do?
- What does an osteoclast do?
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VOCABULARY: Now discuss any new vocabulary. https://translate.google.co.uk/
Grammar Question TWO:
Choose the sentence that correctly uses the subjunctive mood:
a) If he was to fracture his leg, he would need immediate surgery.
b) If he were to fracture his leg, he would need immediate surgery.
c) If he is to fracture his leg, he would need immediate surgery.
d) If he fractures his leg, he would need immediate surgery.
GRAMMAR EXPLANATION:
The Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood is a grammatical mood used to express wishes, hypotheses, demands, suggestions, or conditions that are contrary to fact. Unlike the indicative mood, which is used to state facts, the subjunctive mood deals with situations that are not necessarily real.
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SECTION FOUR
SPEAKING SECTION:
- Discuss any accidents you have had in the past.
WRITING SECTION:
- Write 200 words describing either an accident you have had or someone you know.
SECTION FIVE (REVISION)
How to pronounce the ‘ed’ sounds in regular verbs.
‘ED’ practice text
In this text remember that we are practicing our RP but at the same time we are going to practice how to pronounce the ‘ed’ in regular verbs. Here is an explanation.
In English, the pronunciation of the past tense suffix “-ed” varies and is determined by the final sound of the root verb:
1. /t/ Sound: We use this sound when the root verb ends in voiceless consonants (except for /t/), such as /p/, /k/, /s/, /ʃ/ (sh), /ʧ / (ch), and /f/. For example:
– “walk” becomes “walked” and is pronounced as /wa: kt/
– “laugh” becomes “laughed” and is pronounced as /laugh: ft/
2. /d/ Sound: We use this sound with root verbs ending in voiced sounds, which include all vowel sounds and voiced consonants (except for /d/), such as /b/, /g/, /v/, / z/, etc. For example:
– “call” becomes “called” and is pronounced as /ca lld/
– “rob” becomes “robbed” and is pronounced as /rob bd/
3. /ɪd/ or just /d/ Sound: We use this sound distinctly when the root verb ends in either a /t/ or a /d/. This additional syllable makes it easier to pronounce. For example:
– “want” becomes “wanted” and is pronounced as /ˈwant: id/
– “need” becomes “needed” and is pronounced as /ˈneed: id/
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ANSWERS:
Question 1:
Identify the sentence with the correct use of the past perfect tense:
a) Before the doctor arrived, the patient had already fractured his arm.
b) Before the doctor arrived, the patient has already fractured his arm.
c) Before the doctor arrived, the patient already fractures his arm.
d) Before the doctor arrived, the patient already fractured his arm.
Correct Answer: a) Before the doctor arrived, the patient had already fractured his arm.
Question 2:
Choose the sentence that correctly uses the subjunctive mood:
a) If he was to fracture his leg, he would need immediate surgery.
b) If he were to fracture his leg, he would need immediate surgery.
c) If he is to fracture his leg, he would need immediate surgery.
d) If he fractures his leg, he would need immediate surgery.
Correct Answer: b) If he were to fracture his leg, he would need immediate surgery.